skorpor: crostini svedesi / Swedish rusks

skorpor Swedish rye rusks / IMG_2368

crisp skorpor up for grabs
on Double Creek Pottery plate on La FABBRICA del LINO placemat

In the kitchen of the house in upstate New York where I spent a few days at a retreat last September, there was a bookshelf of cookbooks. My right hand pulled out Favorite Swedish Recipes by Emmie Berg and while I paged through it, the recipe for Round Rusks (Brutna skorpor) locked my attention.

Skorpor are popular Swedish rusks and a rusk is a light, dry biscuit or a piece of twice-baked bread. There is a version of rusk in many other traditions: for example, in Italy we have fette biscottate (twice-baked slices of bread). According to the wikipedia article on rusk, skorpor can be flavoured with herbs, dried fruit, nuts, or spices such as anise or cardamom.

The cookbook mentioned includes also a recipe for Rye Rusks. To make my version of Round Rusks I borrowed a bit from both recipes, added ingredients according to my taste and adapted the instructions to my bread-making habits. I used a small amount of sunflower honey as sweetener, and cardamom and orange zest to give the skorpor a nice nuanced flavor.


FTC disclosure: I have received the placemat free of charge from the manufacturer. I have not and will not receive any monetary compensation for presenting it on my blog. The experience shared and the opinions expressed in this post are entirely my own.


IMG_2359 /  skorpor Swedish rye rusks

dividing the dough and rolling skorpor

Print-friendly version of briciole's recipe for skorpor (Swedish rusks)

Ingredients:

  • 50 g stone-ground whole-wheat flour
  • 60 g dark rye flour
  • 150 g King Arthur Flour all-purpose flour (this is the flour I use to make bread)
  • 1 teaspoon / 3.2 g instant yeast
  • 150 ml milk + 40 ml water at 80 F / 27 C (I used non-fat milk)
  • 20 g fluid honey (I use sunflower honey, miele di girasole)
  • 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil
  • 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground cardamom
  • 1/8 teaspoon fine sea salt
  • 1 teaspoon orange zest

How to prepare the dough
Measure all the ingredients and place them in a bowl. Mix with a a wooden spoon or a dough whisk until a shaggy dough forms. Cover and let rest for 10 minutes, then mix some more, until a firm dough forms. 

Oil well a glass bowl or similar container where the dough will rise.

Lightly oil your working surface and transfer the dough onto it. Knead lightly for 10 seconds. Transfer the dough to the oiled bowl. With wet hands, letter-fold the dough and then flip it to oil the surface. Cover the bowl and place it in a warm place until the dough has doubled in volume (two hours or so, depending on the temperature).

How to shape round rusks
Line a baking sheet (half sheet size) with a silicone baking mat or piece of parchment paper.

Lightly flour a portion of your working surface and let the dough fall on it. With the help of a scale, divide the dough into 20 small pieces of 22-24 g each (depending on how many pieces you cut of the smaller size, you may get enough dough for 21 pieces).

Lightly flatten each piece of dough, letter-fold it, flip it and then roll it into a tight ball. Roll while tucking the dough under it, until the surface acquires a good tension without tearing. The working surface should be clear of flour, otherwise the roll slides on it, while you need some friction to create the tension on the dough's surface. [This short video shows my hands rolling a larger piece of dough, but should still give an idea.]

Place on the silicone backing mat or parchment paper in four rows of five, evenly spaced (adjust some to make space for the 21st, if you have it). Cover with a clean kitchen towel and let rise until a dimple made on the dough with your fingertip persists (an hour or so, depending on the temperature).

skorpor Swedish rye rusks proofing / IMG_2361

proofed and ready for the oven (placemat from La FABBRICA del LINO)

How to bake and crisp rusks
30-45 minutes after the beginning of the second rise (depending on how quick your oven heats up), preheat the oven to 425 F / 218 C.

When the dough is ready, put the baking sheet in the oven and bake skorpor until light brown (8-10 minutes). Take the baking sheet out of the oven and transfer the skorpor on a cooling rack or towel. Let cool completely, then break in half each skorpor with a fork (forchetta).

skorpor Swedish rye rusks / IMG_2362

splitting skorpor with a fork before putting them back in the oven

With a salad fork, I make a row of holes all around, then pry the skorpor open delicately.

Distribute the 40-42 pieces on the baking sheet and place in a 200 F / 93 C oven for 1-2 hours until they are crisp. Check them after 1 hour; in my oven, it takes 1 1/2 hours. Turn off the oven and leave the door ajar. Let the skorpor dry for up to another hour. Again, check them half-way through to prevent them from getting too dry.

Make sure you have some nice spread or creamy cheese to taste fresh skorpor. Store surviviors in an airtight container.

skorpor Swedish rye rusks / IMG_2369

Crunchy, with the earthy flavor of rye (segale) and a hint of orange and cardamom, it is clear from the first bite why these morsels are popular. They have been an instant hit in our household and besides being good, they are fun to make (signed: skorpor's serial baker).


Nuovo italia (1)I am sending my skorpor to the January edition of Panissimo, a monthly event created by Barbara of Bread & Companatico and Sandra of Indovina chi viene a cena? and hosted this month by Sandra.


Nowy2… to the monthly showcase Sourdough and Yeast by Wisla (in Polish).


and to Yeastspotting


New bww logoThe parting shot goes to edition #154 of Black and White Wednesday – A Culinary Photography Event created by Susan of The Well-Seasoned Cook, now organized by Cinzia of Cindystar, and hosted this week by Lynne of Cafe Lynnylu.

The photo was shot in color with my iPhone and then converted to sepia (Lightroom preset Sepia Tone).

The gallery of images contributed to the event.


Click on the button to hear me pronounce the Italian words mentioned in the post:

crostini svedesi

or launch the crostini svedesi audio file [mp3].

[Depending on your set-up, the audio file will be played within the browser or by your mp3 player application. Please, contact me if you encounter any problems.]

rusks, breadrye flourSwedish cuisine

 

recipe: skorpor (Swedish rusks)

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pane di segale svedese / Swedish rye bread

[cliccare il link per andare alla versione in italiano]

Swedish rye bread

bread with an exciting flavor

Time and time again, life has nudged me into going past first impressions when it comes to food I have prepared. Something does not look exceptional and I tend to think that it doesn’t taste great, though I have learned early on in my life that the correlation between look and taste is more often than not complex, and in some cases even inversely proportional.

After baking and cooling, the taste test revealed that my I didn’t need to worry about my ugly duckling (brutto anatroccolo) of a bread. The texture was more delicate than expected and the flavor was simply charming: a lovely blend of rye, orange, and the aroma from the three seeds that had gone into the dough. Once again, an ugly duckling had turned into an elegant swan (cigno) in the mouth.

Swedish rye bread

a warm aroma meets the nose upon slicing

In our virtual tour of the European Community, we are currently visiting Sweden (Svezia), a country in which I have spent only a few hours, years ago, on my way to Norway. I have, however, spent many hours there in my imagination, in the company of some of my favorite authors, like Henning Mankell, author of the Wallander novels (I discussed one of them in this post) and Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö, creators of Martin Beck.

Returning to my kitchen after a fairly long absence, I knew I would want to bake bread, so I researched Swedish breads and honed in on this one as my guide. In this discussion on The Fresh Loaf site, I learned that limpa means loaf. While I make no statement regarding the level of authenticity of the recipe I chose to realize, I can claim that the result is excellent.

orange zest

long live the microplane

Most Limpa recipes contain molasses, fennel, anise, or caraway seeds, and (or maybe not) orange peel. Some recipes will actually call for stout as this bread was originally made from fermented brewer’s wort, the reason why it’s also known as Vörtlimpa (“Wort loaf”). [source]

I halved the quantities in the recipe that guided me and made a few adjustments to the ingredient list to push it more into savory land and also to make use of flours from locally grown grains that I have. I also diverged a bit from the given execution.

Ingredients:

  • 1/2 tablespoon / 7.5 ml freshly grated (using a microplane grater) orange peel, from an organic orange
  • 3/4 cup / 180 ml freshly squeezed orange juice (see Tip below)
  • 1 tablespoon / 15 ml water
  • 2 tablespoons / 1 oz. / 28 g unsalted butter, cut into small cubes
  • 2 tablespoons / 30 ml raw agave nectar or raw honey
  • 1/2 teaspoon / 2.5 ml fennel seeds
  • 1/2 teaspoon / 2.5 ml caraway seeds
  • 1/2 teaspoon / 2.5 ml anise seeds
  • 28 g / 1 oz. pumpernickel flour (whole-rye flour)
  • 113 g / 4 oz. medium rye flour
  • 28 g / 1 oz. whole-wheat flour
  • 100 g / 3 1/2 oz. all-purpose flour (King Arthur Flour is the brand I always use to make bread) + as needed to knead dough and get it to the right consistency
  • 1 teaspoon / 6 g sea salt
  • 1 teaspoon / 3.2 g instant yeast
  • 1 tablespoon / 15 ml warm water

Tip: after washing the orange, grate the peel first, though you’ll need the zest later, and then juice it right away.

Preheat oven to 300 F, then turn it off right away.

Pour orange juice into a small saucepan, then add 1 tablespoon water, butter, agave nectar or honey, and all the seeds. Bring to a gentle boil and maintain for 5 minutes. Remove from heat and cool until the mixture is lukewarm. Whisk in the grated orange peel.

Put all the flours and salt in a large bowl, add the liquid mixture and stir a couple of times, then add the yeast. Finally, use 1 tablespoon of water to rinse the small saucepan, then pour over the flours. Stir with a wooden spoon until you get a soft dough. It will be sticky. Let it rest for 20 minutes.

Transfer dough to a lightly floured working surface and knead it lightly, for about 5 minutes, until it is smooth and no longer sticky. Sprinkle all-purpose flour with a light hand, as needed, to ensure a smooth kneading.

Wash the bowl and grease it with olive oil. Fold the dough and transfer to greased bowl. Cover the bowl and place it in the warmed oven. Let the dough rise until doubled, about 1 hour.

Shape the dough into a round loaf. Flatten the dough, fold it, turn it seam side down, then use your hands and the traction of the kneading board to get a smooth ball with a tense surface. (The first two minutes of this video show what I mean.)

Flour a piece of parchment paper and place it on an upside-down baking sheet. Transfer the dough onto the parchment paper, seam side down. Cover and let rise at room temperature until doubled, or so. The time required will depend on the room temperature. The use of pumpernickel and whole-wheat flour makes my dough a bit denser than that of the original recipe. I baked it when a dimple made on the dough with my fingertip persists (the first time, it was about 1 hour and 15 minutes, the second time, 30 minutes longer).

Place a baking tile or baking stone in the oven. After the dough has been rising for 30 minutes, preheat oven to 375 F.

As a personal touch, I applied the Kaiser roll stamp on the loaf to make a more interesting surface (superficie). This is, of course, optional.

When the dough is ready, sprinkle the surface with water using a mister. Slide the parchment paper with the dough on the baking stone in the oven. If possible, make some steam: I throw on the bottom of my electric oven 10 or so ice cubes and quickly close the oven door.

Bake the loaf for 30 minutes, or until the surface is golden and the internal temperature is 200 F. (I baked it for 34 minutes.) Place loaf on a rack and let it cool for at least 30 minutes.

Slice, taste and smile.

Swedish rye bread, gravlax and cheese

time to compose an appetizer

This aromatic bread goes well with soup and is perfect as support for spreads, or for a pairing of some of my homemade cheese with my favorite Nordic specialty: gravlax, cured salmon. (I made that as well, but that is a story for another day.)


image from 3.bp.blogspot.comMy rye bread participates to the twelfth installment of the Abbecedario culinario della Comunità Europea (European Community Culinary ABC), an event organized by Trattoria MuVarA that will bring us to visit 26 countries of the EU (all except Italy) using the alphabet as guide. L like Laxpudding (Sweden) is hosted by Un uomo dal bagno alla cucina.

This page contains Laxpudding‘s recipe and the list of dishes contributed to the event.


Panissimo_zpsa704b52bI am sending this rye bread to the September edition of Panissimo, a monthly event created by Barbara of Bread & Companatico and Sandra of Indovina chi viene a cena? and hosted this month by Sandra. This post contains the roundup of the event.


Nowy2And, via Panissimo, to the monthly showcase Sourdough and Yeast by Wisla (in Polish).

This post contains the roundup of the event. 


Finally, I am sending my rye bread to Yeastspotting.

This post contains the second part of the roundup and links to the other two parts.


Click on the button to hear me pronounce the Italian words mentioned in the post:

pane di segale svedese

or launch the pane di segale svedese audio file [mp3].

[Depending on your set-up, the audio file will be played within the browser or by your mp3 player application. Please, contact me if you encounter any problems.]

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bread, loaf, rye, Swedish cuisine

Newrule

pane di segale svedese

Swedish rye bread

un pane buonissimo

Tante volte la vita mi ha spinto ad andare oltre l’impressione immediata quando si è trattato di piatti preparati da me. Qualcosa non appare proprio bellissimo e tendo a pensare che non avrà un buon sapore, anche se ho imparato presto nella mia vita che la correlazione tra aspetto e sapore è complessa ed in alcuni casi inversamente proporzionale.

Dopo aver cotto e fatto raffreddare questo pane, l’assaggio mi ha rivelato che non avevo bisogno di preoccuparmi del mio brutto anattroccolo di un pane, di consistenza più delicata di quanto mi aspettassi e dal sapore semplicemente affascinante, un misto di segale, arancia, e l’aroma dei tre semi che fanno parte dell’impasto. Ancora una volta, un brutto anatroccolo si è trasformato nella mia bocca in un elegante cigno.

Swedish rye bread/ pane di segale svedese

fettine aromatiche

Nel nostro viaggio virtuale attraverso i paesi della Comunità Europea, siamo arrivati in Svezia, paese nel quale ho trascorso solo alcune ore, anni fa, sulla strada per la Norvegia. Ho però trascorso molte ore là con la mia immaginazione in compagnia di alcuni dei miei scrittori preferiti, come Henning Mankell, autore dei romanzi che hanno come protagonista Kurt Wallander (ho parlato di uno di essi in questo post) e Maj Sjöwall e Per Wahlöö, creatori di Martin Beck.

Di ritorno nella mia cucina dopo un’assenza piuttosto lunga, sapevo già che avrei fatto del pane, quindi ho cercato ricette di pani svedesi e ho scelto questa (in inglese) come guida. In una discussione sul sito The Fresh Loaf (in inglese), ho imparato che “limpa” significa pagnotta. Non faccio nessuna dichiarazione riguardante l’autenticità o meno della ricetta che ho realizzato, ma posso affermare che il risultato è eccellente.

orange zest

evviva il microplane!

La maggior parte delle ricette per Limpa contiene molassa, semi di finocchio, di anice o di cumino dei prati e buccia d’arancio (o forse no). Alcune ricette includono birra scura tra gli ingredienti dal momento che questo pane originariamente veniva fatto col mosto di malto fermentato per fare la birra e questo à il motivo per cui viene chiamato Vörtlimpa (“pagnotta di mosto di malto”). [fonte (in inglese)]

Ho dimezzato le dosi della ricetta guida e ho apportato altri cambiamenti per muoverla più verso il salato e anche per far uso di farine integrali da cereali locali che ho nel frigorifero. Ho anche fatto alcuni cambiamenti alle modalità di esecuzione. Insomma, ho fatto a modo mio.

Ingredienti:

  • 1/2 cucchiaio / 7.5 ml buccia di arancia bio grattugiata col microplane
  • 180 ml succo d’arancia appena spremuto (vedi Suggerimento in basso)
  • 1 cucchiaio / 15 ml acqua
  • 28 g burro (non salato) tagliato a pezzetti
  • 2 cucchiai / 30 ml miele oppure sciroppo di agave
  • 1/2 cucchiaino / 2.5 ml semi di finocchio
  • 1/2 cucchiaino / 2.5 ml semi di cumino dei prati (carvi)
  • 1/2 cucchiaino / 2.5 ml semi di anice
  • 28 g farina di segale integrale
  • 113 g farina di segale setacciata
  • 28 g farina di grano forte integrale (vedi Nota 1 in basso)
  • 100 g farina di grano forte + quanto basta per impastare e ottenere un impasto della consistenza adeguata (vedi Nota 2 in basso)
  • 1 cucchiaino / 6 g sale marino fino
  • 1 cucchiaino / 3.2 g lievito di birra secco istantaneo
  • 1 cucchiaio / 15 ml acqua calda

Suggerimento: dopo aver lavato l’arancia, prima grattugiatene la buccia (anche se la utilizzerete in un secondo momento) e subito dopo spremetela.

Nota 1: aggiungo sempre della farina integrale quando faccio una ricetta che usa solo farina bianca in modo da aumentare il valore nutrizionale del prodotto finale.

Nota 2: la quantità di farina necessaria può variare a seconda se decidete di usare della farina integrale come ho fatto io e a seconda del tipo di farina bianca utilizzata.

Scaldare il forno a 150 C e poi spegnerlo subito.

Versare il succo d’arancia in un pentolino, poi aggiungere un cucchiaio d’acqua, il burro, il miele o sciroppo di agave e tutti i semi. Portare a leggero bollore e mantenere per 5 minuti. Togliere il pentolino dal fuoco e far raffreddare fino a quando il liquido sia tiepido. Aggiungere la buccia grattugiata d’arancia e mescolare bene.

Mettere tutte le farine e il sale in una ciotola capiente, versare il liquido e mescolare un paio di volte, poi aggiungere il lievito. Infine, versare un cucchiaio di acqua calda nel pentolino per rimuovere eventuali semini e versarlo sull’impasto. Mescolare con un cucchiaio di legno fino ad ottenere un impasto morbido (e un po’ appiccicoso). Far riposare per 20 minuti.

Trasferire l’impasto su una superficie leggermente infarinata e impastare a mano per circa 5 minuti fino a quando l’impasto sia liscio e non più appiccicoso. Spargere farina con mano leggera quanto basta per impastare.

Lavare la ciotola e oliarla. Ripiegare l’impasto e trasferirlo nella ciotola oliata. Coprire la ciotola e metterla nel forno tiepido. Far lievitare fino a quando l’impasto sia raddoppiato di volume, un’ora circa.

Formare una pagnotta con l’impasto. Appiattire l’impasto, ripiegarlo, girarlo in modo che la giuntura sia in basso, poi usare le mani e la resistenza della superficie di lavoro per ottenere una palla liscia e dalla superficie tesa. (I primi due minuti di questo video illustrano quello che intendo.)

Infarinare lievemente un pezzo di carta da forno e adagiarlo sopra una placca da forno rovesciata (così non ci sono bordi). Trasferire l’impasto sulla carta con la giuntura sempre in basso. Coprire e far lievitare a temperatura ambiente fino a quando l’impasto sia all’incirca raddoppiato di volume. Il tempo necessario dipende dalla temperatura. L’utilizzo che ho fatto di farine integrali rende il mio impasto un po’ più denso di quello della ricetta originale. Inforno la pagnotta di impasto quando una fossetta fatta sulla pasta col la punta del dito persiste (la prima volta, dopo circa 75 minuti, la seconda volta mezz’ora di più)

Mettere la pietra o mattonella refrattaria nel forno. Quando l’impasto ha lievitato per 30 minuti, riscaldate il forno a 190 C.

Come tocco personale ho usato il mio stampino per i panini Kaiser per rendere la superficie un po’ più attraente. Naturalmente, questo passaggio è facoltativo.

Quando l’impasto è pronto per essere infornato, spruzzare un po’ d’acqua sulla superficie con un nebulizzatore. Far scivolare la carta da forno con sopra l’impasto sulla pietra o mattonella refrattaria nel forno. Se possibile, creare del vapore : io faccio cadere sul fondo del mio forno, che è elettrico, una decina i cubetti di ghiaccio e poi chiudo rapidamente lo sportello.

Cuocere la pagnotta per 30 minuti, o fino a quando la superficie sia ben dorata e la temperatura interna della pagnotta sia 93-94 C. (Nel mio caso, 34 minuti.) Sfornare e far raffreddare su una gratella per almeno 30 minuti.

Affettare, assaggiare e sorridere.

Swedish rye bread, gravlax and cheese

è ora di comporre un antipasto

Questo pane dal sapore aromatico è ottimo come accompagnamento per zuppe ed è un supporto perfetto per creme da spalmare o per fare da testimone al matrimonio tra uno dei miei formaggi fatti in casa e la mia specialità nordica preferita: gravlax, salmone marinato. (Quello nella foto l’ho fatto io, ma è una storia per un altro giorno.)


image from 3.bp.blogspot.comCon il mio pane svedese partecipo alla dodicesima tappa dell’Abbecedario culinario della Comunità Europea, un evento organizzato dalla Trattoria MuVarA che ci porterà a visitare i 26 paesi della Comunità Europea (eccetto l’Italia) usando le lettere dell’alfabeto come guida. L come Laxpudding (Svezia) è ospitata da Un uomo dal bagno alla cucina.

Questa pagina contiente la ricetta del Laxpudding e la lista dei piatti contribuiti all’evento.

Se siete interessati a partecipare, questo post contiene la lista completa di paesi, blog ospitanti e scadenze.


Panissimo_zpsa704b52bMando questo pane anche all’edizione di Settembre di Panissimo un evento mensile creato da Barbara di Bread & Companatico e Sandra di Indovina chi viene a cena? e ospitato questo mese da Sandra.

Questo post contiene il riepilogo dell’evento.

pane di segale con cumino dei prati / caraway rye bread

rye bread

densely good and nourishing

Rye bread still tastes a bit exotic to me, like the first time I had a bite, many years ago, during my first visit to Germany. The crumb was dense and the palate detected a slight smoky tone. I can't say I fell in love with it, but I was intrigued. Years later, once my bread-baking skills had developed enough, I went back to that memory and decided to renew the experience, this time with a product from my own oven.

After I baked my first rye bread, emboldened by my success, I tried making sourdough rye and was humbled by the result — twice. When I recovered from the disappointment, I went back to a recipe that uses a mix of rye and wheat flour, which seems to work much better for me.

fasole bătută

with caraway rye bread

I have shown my first rendition of the caraway rye bread in this photo and my second rendition in my post on fasole bătută , where I hinted at the use of "a traditional Romanian ingredient."

Then, in the post where I revealed the details of the traditional Romanian ingredient, I shared some additional details. It's time to tell the full story from the bread's perspective.

rye bread

my touch: borage flowers

The original recipe suggests to use dill or sour pickle juice as a substitute for the water. I used diluted borș. And instead of sour cream, I used some of my homemade kefir drained to a creamy consistency. I have a couple of borage plants (borragine) in my garden that are blooming, so I harvested some of the flowers and added them to the bread dough, not so much for flavor, but for an elegant look.

I halved the quantities given in the original recipe and made one round loaf.

Ingredients I used:

  • 57 g borș
  • 57 g lukewarm water [original recipe: 114 g lukewarm water, dill or sour pickle juice]
  • 53 pumpernickel flour [original recipe: white rye, medium rye, or pumpernickel flour]
  • 5 g sugar [original recipe: 7 g]
  • 1 1/8 teaspoons instant yeast
  • 56 g drained kefir [original recipe: sour cream (low-fat is fine; please don't use nonfat)]
  • 1/2 tablespoon / 4 g caraway seeds [original recipe: 1/2 to 1 tablespoon caraway seeds, to taste] (semi di cumino dei prati)
  • 3/4 teaspoons salt
  • 140 g King Arthur Unbleached All-Purpose Flour (this is the flour I always use to make bread)
  • 8 g gluten flour [original recipe: 12 g wheat gluten, optional, for best rise]
  • 14-15 freshly picked borage flowers

Notes: When I made the bread in the photo, I had run out of caraway seeds, so I used 1 teaspoon ajwain seeds. The result was interesting. However, I recommend using caraway seeds. 

I followed the instructions in the original recipe, except I did not brush the warm loaf with melted butter (burro fuso).

rye bread

lightly toasted is even better

This rye bread has a delicate rye flavor and a somewhat dense crumb (mollica). I like to toast it lightly before putting something on top, like fasole bătută or cheese. If you'd like to give rye bread a try, this and my first rye bread are good choices as the dough is quite easy to shape and the result is lovely.

Panissimo_zpsa704b52bI am sending my little round of rye bread to Panissimo a biweekly event created recently by Barbara of Bread & Companatico and Sandra of indovina chi viene a cena?

This post contains the roundup of the event in English and this post contains the roundup in Italian.


BYOB 125 x 125And I am also contributing it to the April edition of Bake Your Own Bread hosted by Roxana of Roxana's Homebaking.

 

Click on the button to hear me pronounce the Italian words mentioned in the post:

pane di segale con cumino dei prati

or launch the pane di segale con cumino dei prati audio file [mp3].

[Depending on your set-up, the audio file will be played within the browser or by your mp3 player application. Please, contact me if you encounter any problems.]

rye bread, caraway seeds, borage